Preface |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxi | |
1 Scholarship at a Crossroads |
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1 | |
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1 | |
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2 | |
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Scholarship in Social and Technical Contexts |
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3 | |
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The Data Deluge: Push and Pull |
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6 | |
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6 | |
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Influences on Scholarship and Learning |
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8 | |
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Networks of Data, Information, and People |
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10 | |
2 Building the Scholarly Infrastructure |
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13 | |
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Technologies of Information Infrastructure |
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14 | |
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14 | |
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15 | |
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17 | |
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17 | |
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Information Infrastructure for Scholarship |
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19 | |
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19 | |
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National and International Initiatives on Scholarly Infrastructure |
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21 | |
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UK Infrastructure Initiatives |
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21 | |
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U.S. Infrastructure Initiatives |
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22 | |
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International Initiatives |
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24 | |
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Exemplar Projects and Programs |
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25 | |
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Where Can the Greatest Benefits Be Realized? |
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27 | |
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Big Science, Little Science, Nonscience |
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28 | |
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What's New about e-Research? |
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30 | |
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31 | |
3 Embedded Everywhere |
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33 | |
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Theory and Policy Frameworks |
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33 | |
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Basic, Applied, and Use-Inspired Research |
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33 | |
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35 | |
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36 | |
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37 | |
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Taking an Information Perspective |
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39 | |
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39 | |
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40 | |
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41 | |
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Infrastructure of or for Information |
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42 | |
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Infrastructure of Information |
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42 | |
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Infrastructure for Information |
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42 | |
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Setting a Research Agenda |
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43 | |
4 The Continuity of Scholarly Communication |
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47 | |
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The Many Forms of Scholarly Communication |
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48 | |
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Public and Private, Formal and Informal |
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48 | |
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49 | |
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52 | |
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Informal and Forma Purposes of Conferences |
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52 | |
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Conflicts between Informal and Formal Purposes |
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54 | |
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Uses of Technology in Scholarly Conferences |
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55 | |
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Scholarly Communication as a Sociotechnical System |
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55 | |
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56 | |
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58 | |
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Quality Control of Scholarly Content |
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58 | |
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Problems with Peer Review |
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60 | |
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Publication Indicators as Proxies for Quality |
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63 | |
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The Functions of Scholarly Communication |
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65 | |
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66 | |
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67 | |
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Access, Preservation, and Curation |
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67 | |
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Author Roles and Functions |
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69 | |
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69 | |
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Authors as Citers and Linkers |
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70 | |
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71 | |
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72 | |
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73 | |
5 The Discontinuity of Scholarly Publishing |
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75 | |
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New Technologies, New Tensions |
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76 | |
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The Pull of New Technologies |
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77 | |
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The Push of Institutional Restructuring |
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77 | |
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Stakeholder Roles in Print Publishing |
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79 | |
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80 | |
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81 | |
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Access, Preservation, and Curation of Print |
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81 | |
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Stakeholder Roles in Internet Access to Scholarly Documents |
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82 | |
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Legitimization in Digital Form |
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84 | |
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84 | |
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Registration and Certification |
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85 | |
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86 | |
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Dissemination in Digital Form |
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87 | |
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Access, Preservation, and Curation in Digital Form |
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88 | |
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88 | |
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Searching, Discovering, and Retrieving |
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90 | |
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Following the Scholarly Trail |
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92 | |
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What Will Be Saved, and by Whom? |
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95 | |
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Convergence and Collision |
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97 | |
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What Constitutes a "Publication"? |
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98 | |
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Open Repositories, Open Archives, Open Access |
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100 | |
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Definitions of Open Access |
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100 | |
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Motivations for Open Access |
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101 | |
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Technology and Services for Open Access |
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104 | |
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105 | |
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Copyright and Rights Management |
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105 | |
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Copyright and the Public Domain |
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106 | |
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Fair Use and Orphan Works |
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107 | |
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109 | |
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Economics and Business Models |
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110 | |
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Economics of Scholarly Publishing |
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110 | |
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Business Models for Scholarly Publishing |
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111 | |
6 Data: Input and Output of Scholarship |
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115 | |
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The Value Chain of Scholarship |
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116 | |
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118 | |
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119 | |
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121 | |
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122 | |
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Policies to Encourage Data Sharing |
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123 | |
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Generation of New Forms of Data |
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125 | |
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126 | |
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127 | |
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128 | |
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The Role of Data in Scholarly Communication |
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129 | |
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130 | |
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131 | |
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132 | |
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133 | |
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135 | |
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Access, Preservation, and Curation of Data |
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136 | |
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137 | |
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138 | |
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139 | |
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Weak Links in the Value Chain |
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140 | |
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141 | |
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142 | |
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Intellectual Property and Economics |
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142 | |
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143 | |
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145 | |
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146 | |
7 Building an Infrastructure for Information |
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149 | |
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150 | |
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Disciplinarity and Interdisciplinarity |
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151 | |
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Disciplines, Communities, and Cultures |
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151 | |
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Boundaries, Barriers, and Bridges |
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152 | |
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153 | |
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154 | |
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Seeking and Using Information |
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155 | |
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Information-Seeking Behavior |
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155 | |
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157 | |
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160 | |
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160 | |
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Reading between the Lines |
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161 | |
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164 | |
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164 | |
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165 | |
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167 | |
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Collaboration and Social Networks |
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168 | |
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Characteristics of Collaboration |
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169 | |
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Distributed Collaboration |
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171 | |
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Information in Collaboration |
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171 | |
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Sharing Information Artifacts |
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172 | |
8 Disciplines, Documents, and Data |
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179 | |
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180 | |
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Information Artifacts in the Sciences |
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181 | |
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181 | |
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182 | |
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Description and Organization in the Sciences |
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184 | |
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Information Practices in the Sciences |
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186 | |
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Practices Associated with Scientific Documents |
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186 | |
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Practices Associated with Scientific Data |
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188 | |
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Incentives and Disincentives to Build the Content Layer for the Sciences |
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192 | |
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Incentives for Scientists to Share Information |
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193 | |
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Disincentives for Scientists to Share Information |
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196 | |
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201 | |
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Information Artifacts in the Social Sciences |
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202 | |
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Social Scientific Documents |
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203 | |
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204 | |
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Description and Organization in the Social Sciences |
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205 | |
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Information Practices in the Social Sciences |
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206 | |
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Practices Associated with Social Scientific Documents |
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206 | |
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Practices Associated with Social Scientific Data |
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207 | |
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Incentives and Disincentives to Build the Content Layer for the Social Sciences |
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209 | |
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Incentives for Social Scientists to Share Information |
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209 | |
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Disincentives for Social Scientists to Share Information |
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210 | |
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212 | |
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Information Artifacts in the Humanities |
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214 | |
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Humanistic and Cultural Documents |
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214 | |
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Humanistic and Cultural Data |
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215 | |
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Description and Organization in the Humanities |
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217 | |
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Information Practices in the Humanities |
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219 | |
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Practices Associated with Humanistic and Cultural Documents |
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219 | |
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Practices Associated with Humanistic and Cultural Data |
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220 | |
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Incentives and Disincentives to Build the Content Layer for the Humanities |
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222 | |
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Incentives for Humanities Scholars to Share Information |
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222 | |
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Disincentives for Humanities Scholars to Share Information |
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222 | |
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225 | |
9 The View from Here |
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227 | |
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228 | |
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The Sociotechnical Nature of Information |
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228 | |
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Malleable, Mutable, and Mobile |
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232 | |
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Building the Content Layer |
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233 | |
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233 | |
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Organization and Business Models |
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236 | |
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236 | |
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237 | |
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240 | |
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242 | |
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Some Solutions and Some Questions |
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243 | |
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Legacy Content: Past, Present, and Future |
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245 | |
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246 | |
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Investing in Digital Content |
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246 | |
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Digital Surrogates as Insurance |
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248 | |
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Capacity Building for the Content Layer |
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249 | |
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250 | |
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Balancing the Local and the Global |
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252 | |
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Flexible Infrastructure Design |
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252 | |
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Personal Digital Libraries |
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252 | |
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254 | |
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Separating Content, Services, and Tools |
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254 | |
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Distributed, Heterogeneous Content |
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255 | |
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Rethinking Resource Description |
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256 | |
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257 | |
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Generic and Specialized Tools |
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257 | |
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Searching, Discovery, Retrieval, and Navigation |
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258 | |
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259 | |
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260 | |
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261 | |
References |
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267 | |
Index |
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321 | |