List of illustrations |
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ix | |
Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xiv | |
Acronyms |
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xv | |
PART I Background to the formal CFE negotiation |
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1 | |
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1 Arms control as a barometer of European politics |
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3 | |
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3 | |
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5 | |
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III Background to the CFE negotiation |
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8 | |
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2 Negotiating the CFE mandate |
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15 | |
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15 | |
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II The issue of participation |
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15 | |
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III Defining the force categories to be limited |
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18 | |
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IV Defining the area of application |
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27 | |
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29 | |
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VI The importance of Mikhail Gorbachev |
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32 | |
PART II Negotiating the treaty and assessing its impact |
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35 | |
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3 Formal negotiations: March 1989 to November 1990 |
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37 | |
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37 | |
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37 | |
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III The new Soviet approach to arms control |
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38 | |
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IV Seven rounds of formal negotiations |
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40 | |
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V Resolving the key issues |
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44 | |
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69 | |
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4 German singularity, nuclear modernization and the CFE-1A Agreement on personnel |
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70 | |
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70 | |
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II Nuclear modernization? |
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70 | |
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III The debate on manpower at CFE 1989-90 |
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71 | |
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IV The debate on German unification |
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73 | |
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V Formal CFE-1A negotiations |
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78 | |
PART III Ratification problems |
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83 | |
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5 Resolving the discrepancies in Soviet data, 1990-91 |
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85 | |
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85 | |
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II The four areas of contention |
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86 | |
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III General Moiseyev to the rescue |
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93 | |
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6 The dissolution of the USSR, 1991-92 |
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98 | |
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98 | |
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II The Baltic states opt out of the CFE regime |
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99 | |
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III The collapse of the USSR |
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102 | |
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IV From the USSR to the CIS |
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104 | |
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V NATO's role in the reallocation of Soviet TLE |
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105 | |
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VI The High Level Working Group |
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105 | |
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VII A CIS Army or separate national armies? |
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108 | |
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113 | |
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IX CIS attitudes to the CFE Treaty |
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114 | |
PART IV Implementation |
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119 | |
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7 Implementation of the CFE Treaty: the cup half full |
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121 | |
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121 | |
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121 | |
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III The phases of inspection |
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122 | |
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IV Cascading: negative fall-out from CFE reductions |
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132 | |
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8 Implementation: the cup half empty – non-compliance with Article V |
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134 | |
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134 | |
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II Does rebus sic stantibus apply? |
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134 | |
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III Negotiating the zones, 1989-90 |
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135 | |
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IV Russia requests treaty revisions |
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136 | |
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V Other Russian suggestions to solve the flank problem |
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139 | |
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VI Assessing the Russian case |
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141 | |
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VII Attitudes of the non-Russian state parties towards treaty revision |
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143 | |
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VIII Searching for a compromise |
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147 | |
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IX The impact of the war in Chechnya |
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148 | |
PART V The need for treaty revisions |
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151 | |
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9 Treaty revisions and NATO enlargement: concluding the Flank Agreement, 1995-97 |
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153 | |
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153 | |
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II Russian attitudes towards NATO enlargement |
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153 | |
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155 | |
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IV Negotiations to revise the treaty |
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157 | |
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V The first CFE Review Conference |
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161 | |
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VI Ratification and entry into force of the Flank Document |
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163 | |
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10 Adapting the CFE Treaty to post-cold war Europe, 1997-99 |
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166 | |
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166 | |
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II Background to the Russian proposals |
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166 | |
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III Negotiating the mandate for the adaptation talks |
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167 | |
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IV Hopes and fears about treaty adaptation |
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169 | |
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V The opening NATO position |
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173 | |
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175 | |
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176 | |
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VIII Highlights of the Agreement on Adaptation |
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187 | |
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11 Whither the Adapted CFE Treaty under President Putin? |
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191 | |
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191 | |
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II Putin's imperial tendency |
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191 | |
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III Russian compliance with ACFE still problematic |
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205 | |
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IV Russia ratifies ACFE Treaty despite NATO enlargement |
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208 | |
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V NATO ratification awaits Russian compliance with host nation consent |
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211 | |
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216 | |
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216 | |
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II Changes in Russia—Europe relations |
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219 | |
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III Adjusting and adapting the CFE treaty |
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227 | |
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IV Confidence building aspects of the CFE regime |
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229 | |
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V Confidence eroding aspects of the CFE regime |
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230 | |
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232 | |
Appendix I Parity Regained |
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235 | |
Appendix II Parity Lost |
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238 | |
Notes |
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243 | |
Index |
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281 | |